Tag Archives: trekking in maharashtra

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Rajmachi Fort: Where History and Nature Converge in Maharashtra’s Sahyadris

Rajmachi Fort, ensconced amidst the breathtaking Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, is a living testament to the rich tapestry of history and the unspoiled beauty of nature. This formidable fort has not only borne witness to centuries of historical events but also beckons trekkers, history aficionados, and those yearning to immerse themselves in Maharashtra’s glorious heritage.

History of Rajmachi Fort:
Rajmachi Fort boasts a storied past that dates back over 300 years. Initially constructed by the Satavahanas, it later found significance during the reign of the Maratha Empire, primarily under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort underwent several shifts in power over the centuries, witnessing pivotal events that have left an indelible mark on its history.

Architecture and Structures:
The architectural marvel of Rajmachi Fort mirrors the military genius of its era. Its robust stone walls, formidable bastions, and imposing gateways are a testament to its strategic importance. The fort is divided into two distinct hilltops, Shrivardhan and Manaranjan, each housing unique attractions. While exploring the fort, trekkers often encounter remnants of old structures and water cisterns, adding to the mystique of this historical treasure.

Cultural and Historical Significance:
Beyond its historical value, Rajmachi Fort is a repository of cultural heritage. It stands as a tribute to the valor and vision of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas in safeguarding their land and culture. The fort’s significance extends to literary circles, with renowned author Shri. V.S. Khandekar setting his celebrated novel ‘Yayati’ within its historic confines.

Visitor Information:
Reaching Rajmachi Fort requires a picturesque trek through dense forests, rocky trails, and steep inclines. The fort is accessible year-round, and a nominal entry fee contributes to its preservation. Trekking to Rajmachi offers an adventure that allows you to connect with the pristine natural beauty of the Sahyadri mountains.

Best Time to Visit:
The post-monsoon season, spanning from October to March, presents the most favorable conditions for exploring Rajmachi Fort. During this period, the weather is salubrious, and the landscape is adorned with vibrant greenery, providing an ideal setting for trekking and savoring the fort’s historical and natural wonders.

Nearby Attractions:
The vicinity of Rajmachi Fort abounds with attractions. Nature enthusiasts can explore the tranquil Kataldhar Waterfall and the scenic Duke’s Nose viewpoint. For those keen on historical exploration, Kondhane Caves and the Karle Caves, known for their rock-cut architecture, are nearby.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions):

1. How long does it take to trek to Rajmachi Fort from the base village?

The trek to Rajmachi Fort can take approximately 2 to 3 hours from the base village, depending on your trekking pace and the chosen trail.

2. Is it possible to camp at Rajmachi Fort overnight?

Yes, camping is allowed at Rajmachi Fort. Many trekkers opt for overnight stays to experience the fort’s serene ambiance and starlit skies.

3. Are there any guides available for the Rajmachi trek?

Yes, local guides are available at the base village to assist trekkers and provide insights into the fort’s history and trails.

4. Can you visit both Shrivardhan and Manaranjan forts in a single day trek?

Yes, it’s possible to explore both Shrivardhan and Manaranjan forts in a single day trek. However, this might require an early start and efficient time management.

5. Are there any accommodation options at the Rajmachi base village?

Yes, there are basic accommodation options, including homestays and small lodges, available at the Rajmachi base village for those planning an extended stay.

Conclusion:
Rajmachi Fort invites you to embark on a remarkable journey through history, nature, and adventure in the embrace of the Sahyadri mountains. It is more than just a fort; it’s a living chronicle of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s legacy and the Maratha spirit. As you navigate its challenging trails and explore its ancient structures, you are not just visiting a historical site; you are participating in a timeless narrative of valor, endurance, and the enduring allure of Maharashtra’s heritage.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Purandar Fort: A Journey Through History, Valor, and Natural Splendor

Nestled in the heart of the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Purandar Fort stands as an epitome of history, valor, and the serene beauty of nature. This formidable fort has witnessed centuries of historical events and continues to attract trekkers, history enthusiasts, and those seeking to explore Maharashtra’s rich heritage.

History of Purandar Fort:
Purandar Fort’s roots extend over two millennia, making it one of Maharashtra’s ancient hill forts. Initially known as “Purandru,” meaning “the destroyer of cities” due to its impregnable defenses, the fort gained prominence during the Maratha Empire. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s capture of Purandar Fort in 1646 marked a significant chapter in its history. Throughout the centuries, it bore witness to battles, changing dynasties, and historical milestones.

Architecture and Structures:
The architectural grandeur of Purandar Fort mirrors the military brilliance of its era. Its massive stone walls, robust bastions, and imposing gateways are a testament to its strategic importance. The fort encompasses two distinct hilltops, Purandar and Vajragad, each offering unique attractions. The Narayaneshwar Temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu, stands as a notable structure within the fort’s precincts. Trekkers and nature enthusiasts are also drawn to the picturesque landscapes surrounding the fort.

Cultural and Historical Significance:
Beyond its historical value, Purandar Fort is a cultural treasure trove. It symbolizes the indomitable spirit of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas in safeguarding their land and heritage. The fort also holds a significant connection to the social reformer Sane Guruji, who established a school within its premises during British rule.

Visitor Information:
Reaching Purandar Fort involves a scenic trek through lush forests, rocky paths, and steep ascents. The fort welcomes visitors year-round, with a nominal entry fee. Embarking on a trek to Purandar offers an adventure that immerses you in the pristine natural beauty of the Sahyadri mountains.

Best Time to Visit:
The post-monsoon season, spanning from October to March, presents the ideal window to explore Purandar Fort. During this period, the weather is pleasant, and the landscapes burst forth with lush greenery, setting the stage for an unforgettable trekking experience and full appreciation of the fort’s historical and natural marvels.

Nearby Attractions:
The vicinity of Purandar Fort offers several attractions, including the twin forts of Rajgad and Torna, both closely associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Nature enthusiasts can explore the scenic Bopdev Ghat and pay a visit to Baneshwar Temple, renowned for its tranquil ambiance.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions):

1. Is there an entry fee to visit Purandar Fort?

Yes, there is a nominal entry fee to visit Purandar Fort. The fee helps in the maintenance and preservation of this historical site.

2. How difficult is the trek to Purandar Fort, and is it suitable for beginners?

The trek to Purandar Fort can be moderately challenging, with steep ascents and rocky terrain. While it’s doable for beginners, it’s advisable to be adequately prepared with suitable footwear and provisions.

3. Are there any accommodation options available near Purandar Fort?

There are limited accommodation options in the vicinity of Purandar Fort. Many visitors prefer to stay in Pune, which is approximately 40 kilometers away, and visit the fort as a day trip.

4. Can I visit the Narayaneshwar Temple within the fort’s premises?

Yes, the Narayaneshwar Temple is accessible to visitors, and it’s a significant spiritual and historical attraction within Purandar Fort.

5. Are guided treks available to Purandar Fort, and how can I arrange one?

Yes, guided treks to Purandar Fort are available through local trekking groups and adventure tour operators in Pune. It’s recommended for those unfamiliar with the trail or seeking additional insights into the fort’s history.

Conclusion:
Purandar Fort invites you to embark on a remarkable journey through history, valor, and the serene beauty of the Sahyadri mountains. It is more than just a fort; it’s a living testament to the courage and determination of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas. As you trek its challenging trails and explore its ancient structures, you are not merely visiting a historical site; you are becoming a part of a timeless saga of valor, resilience, and the enduring allure of Maharashtra’s heritage.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Rajgad Fort: A Majestic Citadel of History and Adventure in Maharashtra

Nestled in the rugged Sahyadri mountains of Maharashtra, Rajgad Fort reigns as a timeless monument to history, valor, and natural beauty. Often referred to as the ‘King of Forts,’ it stands tall as a symbol of Maratha supremacy, offering trekkers, history enthusiasts, and nature lovers an unforgettable journey through time.

History of Rajgad Fort:
Rajgad Fort’s history is intertwined with the Maratha Empire, particularly the reign of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The fort was initially built during the Yadava dynasty’s rule, and it gained strategic importance in the 17th century when Shivaji Maharaj captured and made it his capital. Over the years, it witnessed battles, changing powers, and historic events.

Architecture and Structures:
The architectural grandeur of Rajgad Fort reflects the military brilliance of its time. Its massive stone walls, bastions, and imposing gateways are testaments to its strategic significance. The fort boasts several notable structures, including the Bale Killa, which served as the royal residence, and the Sanjeevani Machi, a cliff with panoramic views of the Sahyadri ranges.

Cultural and Historical Significance:
Rajgad Fort is more than just a historical site; it’s a cultural treasure trove. The fort’s history is a testament to the indomitable spirit of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas. It symbolizes their determination to protect their land and heritage.

Visitor Information:
Accessing Rajgad Fort involves a challenging trek through lush forests, rocky trails, and steep slopes. The fort is open year-round, and there’s a nominal entry fee. Trekking to Rajgad is an adventure that immerses you in the Sahyadri’s pristine natural beauty.

Best Time to Visit:
The post-monsoon season (October to March) is the best time to explore Rajgad Fort. During this period, the weather is cool, and the surroundings are adorned with lush greenery. It’s the ideal season for trekking and fully appreciating the fort’s historical and natural wonders.

Nearby Attractions:
The vicinity of Rajgad Fort offers a wealth of natural wonders. The Torna Fort, another historic fort associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is nearby. Trekkers can also explore the beautiful Lingana Fort and the scenic Sinhagad Fort, making this region a paradise for history and adventure enthusiasts alike.

Conclusion:
Rajgad Fort beckons you to embark on a journey through history, adventure, and nature’s tranquility. It’s not just a fort; it’s a living testament to the courage and determination of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas. As you tread its challenging trails and explore its ancient structures, you’re not merely visiting a historical site; you’re stepping into a timeless saga of valor, resilience, and the enduring beauty of the Sahyadri mountains.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Harishchandragad Fort: An Odyssey through History, Mythology, and Nature in Maharashtra

Perched in the rugged Sahyadri mountains of Maharashtra, Harishchandragad Fort is more than a historical relic; it’s a journey through time, mythology, and the untamed beauty of nature. Renowned for its steep trekking trails, ancient temples, and breathtaking vistas, this fort has become a sanctuary for trekkers, history enthusiasts, and those seeking to connect with the past.

History and Mythology:
The history of Harishchandragad Fort dates back to the 6th century, making it one of the oldest hill forts in Maharashtra. It was strategically significant during the rule of several dynasties, including the Marathas and the Mughals. Beyond its historical significance, Harishchandragad is steeped in mythology, with legends that tie it to Lord Shiva and the sage Changdev.

Architecture and Structures:
The architecture of Harishchandragad Fort reflects a blend of military engineering and natural fortifications. It boasts massive stone walls, bastions, and watchtowers. The fort’s unique feature is the Kedareshwar Cave Temple, a Shiva temple situated within a natural cave. Another notable structure is the Konkan Kada, a cliff with an overhang that offers breathtaking panoramic views of the Konkan region.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance:
Harishchandragad Fort is not just a historical site; it’s a spiritual haven. The Kedareshwar Cave Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, attracts pilgrims and devotees throughout the year. The temple’s tranquil ambiance and pristine surroundings make it a place for meditation and introspection.

Visitor Information:
Accessing Harishchandragad Fort involves a challenging trek through dense forests, rocky terrain, and steep slopes. The fort is open year-round, with a nominal entry fee. Trekking to Harishchandragad is an adventure that takes you through ever-changing landscapes and provides a profound connection with nature.

Best Time to Visit:
The fort is at its best during the post-monsoon season (October to March) when the weather is pleasant, and the landscapes are adorned with vibrant greenery and blooming flora. This period offers the most favorable trekking conditions.

Nearby Attractions:
The region surrounding Harishchandragad Fort is a treasure trove of natural wonders. The famed Kokankada Cliff, which offers unmatched sunset views, is a must-visit. Additionally, the nearby Ajoba Hill and Taramati Peak provide more trekking opportunities and panoramic vistas.

Conclusion:
Harishchandragad Fort invites you to embark on an odyssey through history, mythology, and the awe-inspiring beauty of the Sahyadri mountains. It’s not just a fort; it’s a testament to the enduring spirit of Maharashtra’s heritage, offering a unique blend of history, spirituality, and adventure. As you traverse its challenging trails and explore its ancient structures, you become a part of the fort’s timeless saga—a journey that leaves an indelible mark on your soul.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Torna Fort: Scaling the Heights of History and Adventure in Maharashtra

Nestled in the picturesque Sahyadri mountain ranges of Maharashtra, Torna Fort, also known as Prachandagad, stands tall as a symbol of history, adventure, and natural beauty. With its rich historical significance and rugged terrain, it offers an unforgettable experience for trekkers, history enthusiasts, and nature lovers alike.

History of Torna Fort:
Torna Fort’s history is intricately linked to the Maratha Empire. It was one of the first forts captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1646 when he was just 16 years old. The fort was strategically important due to its location atop a hill, offering a commanding view of the surrounding region. Over the years, it witnessed numerous battles and changing powers, reflecting the turbulent history of the region.

Architecture and Structure:
Torna Fort’s architecture showcases the military prowess of its time. Its massive stone walls, bastions, and gates stand as a testament to its strategic importance. The fort boasts several notable features, including the Menghai Devi Temple, which is an essential pilgrimage site. The trek to Torna Fort takes you through dense forests and rocky terrain, providing a glimpse into its architectural grandeur.

Significance and Cultural Importance:
Beyond its historical value, Torna Fort is a cultural treasure trove. It symbolizes the indomitable spirit of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas. The fort is a testament to their unwavering determination to protect their land and heritage.

Visitor Information:
Accessing Torna Fort involves a challenging trek, rewarding trekkers with both history and natural beauty. The fort is open year-round, with a nominal entry fee. Trekking to Torna Fort is an adventure that immerses you in the Sahyadri’s lush greenery and serene landscapes.

Best Time to Visit:
The ideal time to explore Torna Fort is during the post-monsoon season (October to March) when the weather is cool, and the surroundings are adorned with vibrant greenery. This period offers the best trekking conditions and allows you to fully appreciate the fort’s historical and natural wonders.

Nearby Attractions:
The vicinity of Torna Fort includes attractions like Rajgad Fort, another historic fort associated with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The region also offers picturesque landscapes, making it a paradise for nature photographers and enthusiasts.

Conclusion:
Torna Fort beckons you to embark on a journey through history, adventure, and nature’s tranquility. It’s not just a fort; it’s a living testament to the courage and determination of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and the Marathas. As you ascend its slopes and explore its ramparts, you’re not merely visiting a historical site; you’re participating in a timeless saga of valor, resilience, and the enduring beauty of the Sahyadri mountains.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Visapur Fort: Unraveling History Amidst the Sahyadri Splendor

Nestled in the embrace of the Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Visapur Fort stands as a silent sentinel to history, adventure, and panoramic vistas. Located near its famous counterpart, Lohagad Fort, Visapur offers a trekking experience steeped in history and surrounded by nature’s beauty.

History of Visapur Fort:
Visapur Fort’s history dates back to the 18th century when it was built during the Maratha Empire. Its construction is attributed to the first Peshwa of the Maratha Kingdom, Balaji Vishwanath. This fort played a crucial role in the region’s defense and was later captured by the British during the early 19th century. The fort’s history is a narrative of shifting powers, echoing the times of Maratha valor and colonial rule.

Architecture and Structure:
Visapur Fort’s architectural grandeur reflects the military engineering of its time. Its massive stone walls, watchtowers, and robust bastions stand as a testament to its defensive strength. A unique feature of the fort is the stone-built Hanuman Temple, an architectural marvel in its own right. The temple’s intricacies and the spacious plateau provide the perfect setting for trekkers and history enthusiasts alike. From this plateau, one can enjoy breathtaking views of the surrounding landscapes, including Lohagad Fort, Pawna Dam, and the lush greenery of the Sahyadri hills.

Significance and Cultural Importance:
Visapur Fort is not just a historical site; it’s a symbol of adventure and exploration. It beckons trekkers, adventure seekers, and history enthusiasts from near and far. As you ascend its slopes and explore its bastions, you are enveloped by the silence of history and the serenity of nature. For trekkers, Visapur provides a challenging yet rewarding experience. It’s an opportunity to conquer heights while traversing through dense forests and rocky terrain, forging unforgettable memories.

Visitor Information:
Accessing Visapur Fort involves a thrilling trek that immerses you in the beauty of nature. The fort is open year-round, and there’s no entry fee. The trek to Visapur is an immersive journey into the Sahyadri’s natural beauty. While the trek can be demanding, the vistas and historical significance make every step worthwhile.

Best Time to Visit:
The ideal time to explore Visapur Fort is during the post-monsoon season (October to March) when the weather is pleasantly cool, and the surroundings are adorned with lush greenery. This period offers the best trekking conditions and allows you to fully appreciate the beauty of the Sahyadri hills.

Nearby Attractions:
The vicinity of Visapur Fort includes a wealth of attractions for those interested in further exploration. Bhaja Caves and Karla Caves, ancient rock-cut cave complexes, offer a glimpse into the region’s rich cultural history. Lohagad Fort, Visapur’s famous neighbor, is another captivating destination for history buffs. The nearby hill station of Lonavala is an excellent base for travelers looking to explore the Sahyadri region further. With its waterfalls, viewpoints, and pleasant climate, Lonavala provides a perfect complement to your Visapur Fort adventure.

Conclusion:
Visapur Fort invites you to tread in the footsteps of history, embrace the thrill of adventure, and soak in the splendor of the Sahyadri mountains. It’s more than just a fort; it’s an opportunity to connect with the past, witness nature’s grandeur, and create enduring memories. As you stand atop its plateau, gazing at the horizon, you’re reminded that Visapur Fort is not merely a destination; it’s an experience, a journey through time and nature’s serenity.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Lohagad Fort: Where History Meets Serenity in Maharashtra

Nestled amidst the lush Sahyadri mountain ranges of Maharashtra, Lohagad Fort stands as a timeless testament to history, adventure, and natural beauty. Perched at an altitude of 3,389 feet, this fort is a magnet for trekkers, history enthusiasts, and anyone seeking an escape into the embrace of nature’s serenity.

History of Lohagad Fort:
Lohagad Fort’s history traces back to the 16th century when it was built by the Maratha warrior king, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Its name, which means “Iron Fort,” hints at its robust construction. Over the centuries, it changed hands between the Marathas, Mughals, and the British, witnessing significant historical events.

Architecture and Structure:
The architecture of Lohagad Fort showcases the military genius of its time. Its sturdy stone walls, bastions, and gates reflect the fort’s strategic importance. Visitors can explore historical structures like the Vinchu Kata (Scorpion’s Tail), a natural formation offering panoramic views.

Significance and Cultural Importance:
Beyond its historical value, Lohagad Fort has become a symbol of adventure and exploration. It’s a place where trekkers forge unforgettable memories and history buffs immerse themselves in the narratives of bygone eras.

Visitor Information:
Accessing Lohagad Fort involves a trek that is both invigorating and rewarding. The fort is open to visitors year-round, and there’s no entry fee. Trekking to the fort is a journey through the Sahyadris’ lush greenery.

Best Time to Visit:
The ideal time to explore Lohagad Fort is during the post-monsoon season (October to March) when the weather is cool and the surroundings are adorned with greenery.

Nearby Attractions:
The vicinity of Lohagad Fort offers attractions like Bhaja Caves, Karla Caves, and the hill station of Lonavala, making it an excellent base for further exploration.

Conclusion:
Lohagad Fort beckons you to experience the convergence of history, adventure, and nature’s tranquility. It’s not just a fort; it’s an invitation to embark on a journey through time, scale the heights of adventure, and soak in the beauty of the Sahyadri mountains.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Sinhagad Fort: A Timeless Marvel Amidst Nature’s Bounty

Nestled amidst the breathtakingly beautiful Sahyadri mountain range in Maharashtra, Sinhagad Fort stands as a testament to both historical valor and natural splendor. This ancient fort, which translates to the “Lion’s Fort,” is not only a treasure trove of history but also a magnet for trekkers, history buffs, and anyone seeking to connect with the region’s rich heritage.

History of Sinhagad Fort:
The pages of history unfold dramatically as one delves into the story of Sinhagad Fort. Originally named Kondhana, it earned its current title after a fierce battle in 1670 when Tanaji Malusare, a Maratha warrior, and his troops scaled the fort’s steep cliffs. This battle, immortalized in Maratha folklore, showcased extraordinary valor and determination, making Sinhagad Fort a symbol of courage and resilience.

Architecture and Structure:
Sinhagad Fort’s architectural layout is a marvel of its time. Its robust stone walls, bastions, and watchtowers reveal a deep understanding of military strategy. The fort also houses historical structures like the Kali Temple and a memorial dedicated to Tanaji Malusare. The sweeping views from its vantage points offer panoramic vistas of the Sahyadris.

Significance and Cultural Importance:
Beyond its historical significance, Sinhagad Fort is a cultural icon, representing the indomitable spirit of the Marathas. It serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made for the cause of self-rule and the enduring legacy of warriors like Tanaji. The fort remains a place of pilgrimage, drawing devotees to its sacred temples.

Visitor Information:
Access to Sinhagad Fort involves a thrilling trek through lush greenery. Visitors can explore the fort throughout the year, with a nominal entry fee. Trekking enthusiasts are particularly drawn to the adventure of reaching its summit.

Best Time to Visit:
For pleasant weather and the allure of lush landscapes, the best time to visit Sinhagad Fort is from October to March. Monsoon treks offer a different charm with vibrant greenery and cascading waterfalls.

Nearby Attractions:
Sinhagad Fort’s vicinity boasts attractions like Khadakwasla Dam, Panshet Dam, and Temghar Dam, making it an ideal destination for nature lovers.

Conclusion:
Sinhagad Fort is not just an ancient structure; it’s a living testament to the bravery and tenacity of warriors who dared to dream of self-rule. As you ascend its slopes and explore its ramparts, you’re not just visiting history; you’re participating in a timeless saga of valor and resilience.

Featured Image – https://en.wikipedia.org/

Top Forts You Should Go Trekking in Maharashtra

Sahyadri ranges are a true beauty, especially in the monsoons. If you are in Pune during the monsoons, make sure to explore these trails and you won’t be disappointed.

Visapur Fort

Visapur is the first port I went trekking in Pune. Visapur and Lohagad are situated on different paths of the same road, and we decided to go for Visapur because it was less crowded. And we got to know why while trekking up. The sun was up, and it made the moderate trek difficult. Most of the trek is through the mountains up, and the view from the top made the pain all worth it.
This is the place that gave me the first touch of the Sahyadri ranges in Pune, and the others followed irresistibly.

Tikona Fort

Tikona is a very easy level trek for all age groups. You just have to climb up a small hill, and walk a little further and then climb up to the fort, which was the adventurous part. The steps were steep and there were helping rails on either sides which you and to hold on to, and climb up.

After reaching the top of the fort, you can get a view of all the forts in the vicinity ( Visapur, Loghgad, Tung, etc. ). Tikona is situated on a higher altitude than all of those forts and that makes it a viewpoint for all the other forts, though you don’t have to trek too much.

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Tikona trek would take 2-3 hours if you want to spend some time atop.

Raigad Fort

Raigad is the fort in which Shivaji Maharaj lived and ruled. If you are someone who prefers hiking through steps and not the mountain path, Raigad is where you should trek. There are 1737 steps and there’s the fort. It has a majestic entrance and in the fort you can find a proper establishment of the royal family of the Maratha empire. You can find the throne and the throne room in which the king used to sit, the queen’s chambers, the queen’s bath, etc. It’s quite an interesting place to visit. It can either be reached through the steps or through the ropeway. We went up through the steps and came down through the ropeway.

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Sinhagad Fort

This is the most commercialized places of all the forts I have been to, the reason being it is accessible through motor vehicles. You could also trek your way up and down, and that’s what we went for. It is an easy to medium level difficulty level trek, and the place is very very crowded, especially in the weekends.

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The view from the fort is as usual amazing, but there are some unique aspects to the fort such as the Pitla Bhakri ( an indian bread made of jowar served with a side dish made of gram flour. ), and I have personally went there with people just for this.

Though this fort does not give you the accomplishment feeling when you reach the top (since there is a whole crowd of people up there when you reach 😛 ), it is a worthwhile place to trek in Pune.

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Torna Fort

Torna trek is one of the wildest treks I have been till now, and undoubtedly the most favorite. In Torna is a very beautiful place. You have to trek one hill up, then cross two hills to reach the base of the fort. Then you start trekking to the fort upwards.

While trekking in the hills, you can expect waterfalls wherever you turn around, lushy green leaves of the mountains gently flipping its two sides, accompanied by heavy rains and wind. Yes, you read the last part right. The force of the winds is such that you have to hold on to someone or something to not get flown away, and the force of the rains feel like needles piercing you. 😉

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This continues till you cross the two hill peaks and reach the base of the fort. After that it is only steps that you have to climb. You can find waterfalls on the way up the fort. ( Reverse waterfalls as well if you are lucky enough). The steps are steep and it is not anywhere close to easy. After you reach the top, you find hot snacks and tea to soothe your numb body wet out of rain and winds.

It would be a moderate to high level of difficulty trek and the best time to visit it would be in July. It takes around 6-7 hours for the entire trek.

Though these are one day treks, you could also camp at any of the mountain peaks. I have had friends of mine camp at some of these forts and their experience of the camping made me also try it once. I camped at the Torna fort the second time I went, and it was truly amazing.

Since there aren’t commercial options available in these forts for camping, we would have to carry our tents ourselves. I would recommend you check out some of the best backpacking tents and the best sleeping bags for backpacking. They have proved us right in our camping days. Though there are many places to visit in Maharashtra, the forts of the state remain unbeatable.

So that’s it guys! Let me know in the comments if you have experienced any of these places in Pune. I’d love to hear your stories!

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Trekking in Maharashtra – The Ultimate Trekking Destinations in Maharashtra

Trekking enthusiasts cannot have it better than Maharashtra. This state offers innumerable trekking spots. The trekker who loves variety has to visit this place. Whether it is listening to the thunderous roar of a waterfall. The soft rains in a naturalistic setting. The sound of wildlife on a nature trail. Or simple embracing the diversity of the Western Ghats. There is much to explore here.

Those who come to Maharastra head straight to the Sahyadris. Especially during the rains. Unsurprisingly so. Because trekking in these mountain ranges during the monsoons is a different experience. Many people have vouched for the magical feeling of encountering the mountains and forts along the way. Most trails have an enormous wealth of naturalistic treasures. Lush green mountains. Crisscrossing streams. Seasonal waterfalls. Mountain faces teeming with exotic flora and fauna. Nature in its full bounty by way of blossoming flower meadows of different colours, shapes, and sizes. Placid lakes with cool and freshwater. The list goes on. Be it a weekend or a holiday, trekking avenues in Maharashtra are many. Here are some of them.

Summers are often looked upon as the worst season of the year. Why? Well, because of the scorching heat during noon and sometimes the humidity that lasts all day and night. If given a chance, most of us would have an AC or a fan tied to our bodies at all times. But let’s be realistic. Since that is not possible, we choose the other feasible option, which is planning a weekend gateway to some cool hill station. But as they as, bad times don’t last long, it is similar with this season. Summer is soon followed by the monsoon, which is by far one of the most loved seasons of the year. From adults to children, everyone eagerly looks forward to the rains. And, why wouldn’t you? It takes away all the humidity and heat away. And what is brings along are cool, breezy days and the smell of freshly wet mud.

Must Read: Different Types of Seasons in India (2020) – Explained in Detail

Furthermore, the rains also make it possible for us to take up some fun, recreational activities like trekking. I don’t know about you, but I sure do love trekking! And trekking in the rains is even more fun! It sure does get a little mucky, but hey, what’s the fun in always being neat and tidy. We all do need an opportunity to let loose and enjoy, and trekking in the rains helps me do so. So, coming down to the main point, what are the best places in Maharashtra that one can choose to go on a trek for during the rains? There are several places that one can opt for, but let’s make a list of the most visited places for treks during the rains. Hopefully, it might help you get an idea as to which place to choose for your next adventure.

#1. Matheran Trekking in Maharashtra from near Mumbai
To most Mumbaikars, Matheran is a place where one can relax and unwind while not burning a hole in your pocket. Apart from accommodation, travelling to this place too is reasonable. It is a popular hill station located in Maharashtra and is easily accessible from cities such as Mumbai and Pune.

This location makes for a splendid option for a weekend trek. This hill station offers several trek trails that one can choose depending on the comfort level. For a beginner, you can choose the Neral to Matheran trail. If you’re a pro at this, then opt for a more adventurous route that is the Dhudani trail. Either ways, when you reach this location, don’t forget to enjoy the breath-taking views from points of interest such as the Porcupine Point, Panorama Point, and One Tree Hill.

A. Garbett Point / Garbut Point (Near Matheran)
Starting from the Bhivpuri railway station and passing through the Diksal village, the trek passes through the lush landscape of the Dhom dam. Along the way are water bodies and streams. The Diksal waterfall is en route. Trekkers can witness the culture of the region because there are many rustic villages along the way. The route eventually leads to a steep ascent to the Garbett Plateau. From there, the trek commences up to a wide ridge which is the Garbett Point hill.

B. Vikatgad / Peb Fort (Near Matheran)
Vikatgad Peb Fort is nestled in the Matheran hill range. Situated at an elevation of 2,100 feet, trekking up to the fort is a popular activity for those looking for an adventurous nature trail. The fort was used as a place of storage. Food, ammunition, and several other items were stored here. There are also places to visit nearby such as Louisa point, Panorama point, Porcupine point, Heart point, and One Tree Hill point.

C. Irshalgad (Near Matheran)
A fortress located between Panvel and Matheran, Irshalgad starts at the Chauk railway station. The pinnacle of the fort takes 2 hours to ascend. The path is easy to moderate. Some sections are steep and narrow. At Irshalwadi village along the way, many pay a visit to a nearby temple and then proceed to the Irshalgad plateau.

#2. Ratangad Fort Trekking in Maharashtra
Ratangad in Maharashtra is located at a distance less than 200km away from Pune and Mumbai. Just like Matheran, Ratangad Fort is also a great destination for a trek. The view from this fort is breath-taking while the climb up is equally adventurous.

The trek starts at the lovely Ratanwadi village and goes through forests, streams, and rocky terrains. Since this trek is a bit difficult (given the slippery terrains during monsoon) it is advised that someone with a good trekking experience go on this trek. Furthermore, this trekking trail also diverges into the route to Harishchandragad, another popular trekking destination in Maharashtra. The entire trekking route will take nearly 4 hours.

#3. Harishchandragad Fort Trek in Maharashtra

In Maharashtra’s Ahmednagar district lies the Harischandragad fort. Considered to be a challenging trek, beginners or experienced are dissuaded from taking the Taramati Ghal or Nalichi Vaat route. Especially during monsoon – because the surface might get slippery. But getting to the fort via the Pachnai or Khireshwar routes is easier and enjoyable.

After one gets to the fort, which is situated on a hill, from the Konkan cliff, panoramic views of the surrounding can be seen. Called locally Konkan Kada, the concave-shaped fall is high with a sharp drop of more than 1800 feet. It is suggested that one does not go too near the edge as the winds are very strong.

The Harishchandragad Fort is ancient, having its origin in about the sixth century BC. All over the fort, one can see caves. It is believed that these caves were carved in the 11th or 12th century. Khubi Phata is the basecamp if the trekking route is Khireshwar and Pachani if the trail is via the Pachnai route. A typical trekking sojourn starts at the base village, and towards Kokankada. After having breakfast, trekkers visit the fort, the temple, and the nearby Kedareshwar caves.

Regarded as the main structure protecting the Malshej Ghat, the Harishchandragad Fort is a famous hill fort. Located in the Ahmednagar district, it has an ancient history. Various Puranas have a reference to the region. The citadel is said to be built during the 6th century. The caves in this region were carved during the 11th century.

There are many ways to hike to the fort. Khireshwar, Belpada, and Pachnai are the well-known base stations for trekkers. Some routes take about 3 hours, some even lesser. Trekking through this route means going through dense forests.

#4. Kalsubai Trek in Maharashtra – Highest Peak of Maharashtra
Kalsubai Trek Peak is the highest peak in Maharashtra Kalsubai, known as the highest peak in Maharashtra, is called the ‘Everest of the Sahyadris’. The peak is a famous trekking destination for trekking enthusiasts and is definitely on the must-do list. Located at a distance of 140km from Mumbai, there are multiple trails to Kalsubai. Its starting point for

Located at a distance of 140km from Mumbai, there are multiple trails to Kalsubai. Its starting point for trek is Bari village, which follows a rocky and difficult terrain to the peak. This exciting trek will take about four hours.

Must Read: Ashoka Waterfall Vihigaon – the Hidden Gem of Igatpuri

#5. Rajmachi Fort Trek in Maharashtra
Among the best places for trekking in Maharashtra, Rajmachi Fort is considered as one of the most challenging. Located nearly 94kms from Mumbai, this fort offers a picturesque location for trekking that is loved by all nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts. The trail offers a challenging climb and plenty of attractions to see along the way. However, be careful not to slip on the steep slopes in certain parts especially on account of the rains.

 

#6. Vasota Fort Trek in Maharashtra
Vasota Fort, also known as Vyaghragad, is one of the famous forts for trekking in the Sahyadri. It is known as one of the best treks in this region on account of its wilderness and beauty.

The fort is surrounded by thick forests and a river which makes the destination ideal for trekkers to delve into its charming beauty. Since this fort was originally associated with the famous Maratha history, the fort exudes rich historical charm, thus giving trekkers a chance to explore the fort and indulge in some educative history about our culture. Additionally, the fort also offers a breath-taking view of the Konya Backwaters and the forests.

That being said, now it’s up to you which place you choose to go on an awesome trek. Make sure you have a check-list ready as to what things you need to carry on your trek. Remember, it’s going to be raining, so make sure all of your bags are waterproof! Apart from that, all I can say it choose wisely, spend decently, and have the most amount of fun on your little adventure!

 

#7. Bhimashankar trek in Maharashtra
Considered by many trekkers as their favorite trek, the Bhimashakar trek is taken mostly during the monsoons. The trekking trail winds through the hot spots of the Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary. During the expedition, one can see a variety of birds and animals. Spotted deer, langurs, and many species of birds have made their home here. Trekkers lookout mostly for the exotic Malabar Giant Squirrel, also called by the name of ‘shekru’.

Depending on the route taken, the trek is easy or moderately difficult. For first time trekkers, the Shidi Ghat route is not recommended. Rather, the Ganesh Ghat route can be taken. So what can one see throughout the trekking adventure? Lots and lots of flora and fauna, exotic visuals, hilltops. Of course, there are the ladders and man-made bridges one has to cross. Which makes the trip even more exciting. The basecamp of the trek begins at the Khandas village. At the Neral railway station or Karjat, there is private transportation to use to get to this base camp.

#8. Prabalgad fort trek in Maharashtra
Prabalgad fort trek can be taken at any season of the year, but taking it during monsoons is the best way to experience the weather, the surroundings, and the unique environment. The fort was built during the Bahamani sultanate. It is located in the Raigarh district. Surrounded by the Sahyadri mountain range, the fort is situated at an elevation of more than seven hundred meters above sea level. From the fort, one can see the Kalyan fort and Irshalgad fort.

Prabalgad fort has historical significance owing to its elevation. It was used extensively as a watchtower. Under Shivaji’s rule, the fort was refurbished. Currently, this magnificent structure serves as an offbeat retreat. Tourists throng this place to shed their exhaustion from a city-based existence. To enjoy the lush green blankets of thick vegetation and the fresh ecosystem of the region.

The trek is as interesting as well. Narrow trails pass through thickly set forests. The terrain is rocky, mostly uphill, and in some places steep. Steps are carved out of rocks in some places. Ascending the fort is an exhilarating activity. Because once one gets to the top, the feeling of being on the top is natural. Awe-inspiring sights await from atop. Thakurwadi is the basecamp and local transportation is available at Panvel to get here.

#9. Manikgad fort Trek in Maharashtra
Although a ruinous fort, Manikgad in its heyday was a grand structure and used extensively as a watchtower. At more than 1800 feet above sea level, the fort is strategically located. So much that it is not easy to climb up the fort from three sides except the main entry. The upper part of the fort is accessible only from the south.

From atop the fort, one can see a commanding view of the land beneath. The valleys, Prabalgad fort, and Karnala pinnacle can be viewed from here. At the site of the fort, there is a large water tank, a rock-cut that was built for rainwater harvesting. During those times, tanks such as these were essential to supply water to surrounding regions during the summers. The total trekking distance one way is 5 kilometers. Ascent distance is 1734 feet and the time required for ascending and descending the fort is 5 hours. The base village is at Washivali.

Must Read: Top 15 Places to Visit in Igatpuri for a Perfect Monsoon Vacation

#10. Visapur & Lohagad Fort Trek in Maharashtra
During the monsoons, trekking in Maharashtra’s numerous trekking trails is a favoured activity. The Visapur and Lohagard Fort trek is one such trek that is easier than the rest. A beginner-friendly trek that starts from the Bhaje village the trail winds through exotic vegetation. One good thing about the trek is that it is near to the Mumbai-Pune expressway, hence it is easily accessible.

The ideal base camp for this trek is the Bhaje Village. The trek takes up to 3 hours one way. The Visapur fort is at an altitude of more than 3500 feet. The terrain type through the trail is rocky and thickly wooded. The trekking route can be tricky for first-time visitors. So it is recommended to take a guide.

Those who visit the fort also visit the Bhaje caves when returning. These caves are very ancient, dating back to the 2nd century. Being rock-cut caves, it is an amazing place to visit. The fact that 2nd-century human beings had built these caves makes it mind-blowing.  Built as part of the fortification of Visapur and Lohagad, the trail offers an entire range of experiences. It is a forest trail, waterfall, boulders, staircase, skiing, and even a motorized trail. Visapur Fort is considered to be one of the highest structures in the state. Standing tall on a green plateau, this place is visited by trekkers, campers alike.

#11. Takmak Fort  Trek in Maharashtra

If dense forests excite, then this is the fort to visit. Surrounding the fort is a thickly set forest. A 12th-century fort, the Takmak fort has been managed by the Marathas and Portuguese over a history of more than 800 years. Trekkers have to exercise caution because the eastern entrance is not easy to locate. The way to the top requires familiarity as well. So going into groups and hiring a local guide is recommended.

The trek starts at the Sakawar base camp. The trekking trail plies through the Palghar region, which is known for its dense forests. Rich in flora and fauna, one can find starflowers aplenty here. During the monsoon season, these flowers are resplendent in their full bloom status. Most of the trail is through paddy fields. The total trek duration is only about two kilometers, but it takes about an hour to complete it. The highlight of the trail is walking through the forest and the ridge walk.

#12. Rajgad Fort Trek in Maharashtra

The fort was an epicentre of power. Serving as the capital of the Maratha empire, the fort was the main bastion under Shivaji’s tenure. At a height of more than 4000 feet, the fort offers breath-taking views of the Sahyadri mountains. The Rajgad Fort was the seat of power of the Maratha empire. Located in the Pune district, the tall structure raised above 1000 metres above sea level, still has remains of what would have been a thriving fort complex. Water cisterns, caves, and palaces – the remains of which can still be seen. The trek to this fort plies through the best lush green parts of the Sahyadri mountain range.

The trek is not easy. Narrow paths, zig-zagging, lead to the massive structure. The trail starts from Gunjavane, which is a popular basecamp. Once at the fort, there is no looking back. Because from atop, many surrounding forts can be seen, namely Torna, Sinhagad, and Lingana. Watching the sunrise from the fort is another popular activity.

A naturally created hole on the Suvela Machi is a sight to behold. The opening is so wide that it can be spotted from several kilometres away.

#13. Torna Fort Trek in Maharashtra

Shivaji’s first conquest as a teenager of 16 years is the Torna fort. Also called Prachangad because of its huge size, the fort is a favorite with trekkers because of the variety of experiences on offer. Stream crossings, ridges, waterfalls are part of the nature trail, which makes it a perfect escapade for adrenaline junkies.

Once at the fort, one can view the surrounding regions in a full 360 degrees view. Singhad, Khadakwasla dam, Raireshwar, Mahabaleshwar, Bhatgar, Makarangad, and Pratapgad can be seen from atop the fort.

#14. Naneghat Trek in Maharashtra
Lying between Pune and Junnar is a mountain pass and a famous one at that. Called Naneghat, this pass was once a prominent trade route connecting Junnar and Kalyan. In the local language, Nane is translated as coin, and ghat is translated as pass. Along the way, there are caves to explore. Inscriptions in the caves date back to the Satvahana dynasty.

From the caves, one can climb up to the Jivdhan fort. The trek is divided into ascents through rocking and boulder-laden terrain. Trekkers congregate at the Vaishakhare base camp village to start the trek.

#15. Devkund Waterfall Trek in Maharashtra
This waterfall is in the deepest part of the jungle. It is a secluded region. The forests of Bhira Dam embrace this waterfall as their own. The Devkund waterfall was largely unexplored until recently. Many believe that the Kudalika river had its origin from here.

The waterfall drops from a height of more than 80 feet. A small pond at the bottom of the cascade is where tourists enjoy an afternoon dip. There is a prevailing belief that the utensils emerged from this pond whenever an important ceremony or festival was about to commence in the village.

#16. Sinhagad Fort (Near Pune) Trek in Maharashtra
A hill fortress, the Sinhagad fort has witnessed many battles. One of them is the famous Battle of Sinhagad. Previously called as Kondhana, the fort is perched about 1300 metres above sea level on an isolated cliff that is part of the Sahyadri range.

The fort was strategically built as a watchtower. Katraj to Sinhagad Fort trek during the night is a popular activity. The trek begins at Old Katraj Tunnel Top. The trek traverses through a 16 kilometre long mountain chain.

#17. Pratapgad Fort / Pratapgarh Fort (Near Mahabaleshwar) Trek in Maharashtra
Starting from the basecamp at Pratapgad parking, the trek to the Pratapgad fort takes approximately two hours. Considered to be a beginner-friendly trek, the best time to trek is during the winter. Once at the fort, one has to climb more than 450 steps to get to the top. At the fort, it is common to camp at the site. Trekkers carry tents and pitch them to enjoy an overnight stay.

There are many places to visit in and around the fort. Such as the Sahyadri hills, Rahat Lake, Bhavani Temple, Afzal Buruj, Canon atop the fort, etc. There is a large equestrian statue of Shivaji at the site. This bronze statue can be seen from afar.

#18. Karnala Bird Sanctuary (Near Lonavala) Trek in Maharashtra
Centred around the Karnala Fort, the sanctuary is bordered by the Sanjay Gandhi National Park and several other sanctuaries. Bird-watchers, nature lovers, and trekkers visit the Karnala Bird Sanctuary to witness over 200 species of birds of which more than 150 are resident species. Those who visit the bird sanctuary also visit the Karnala fort lying inside the bird sanctuary.

#19. Chandan – Vandan Forts (Near Satara) Trek in Maharashtra
Chandan fort and Vandan fort are both located in the Satara district. Both forts are popular with trekkers and hikers. Being adjacent forts, it is common to see trekkers visiting both forts. At the forts, there are many sights of interest. Water cistern, dargah, bastion, temple, rooms, etc. can be seen. The nearest town from the forts is Bhuinj.

#20. Vishalgad Fort (Near Kolhapur) Trek in Maharashtra
Called Khelna by the local populace, Vishalgad is the site of many popular battles fought between princely kingdoms. Shivaji conquered the fort in 1659. Situated at a height of more than 3500 feet above sea level, the fort covers an area of 1130 metres. Such dimensions make it a giant structure.

#21. Sindola Fort Trek (Near Malshej Ghat) Trek in Maharashtra
It is one of the lesser-known treks but is fast becoming known. Located in the Malshej Ghat, Sindola Fort was built during the times of Nimgiri as a watchtower. Compared to other forts in this region, this fort is small. But the view from atop the fort is spectacular. For trekkers, the ridge walk is something to be cherished. On either side of the ridge, spectacular sights are there for the taking. Pimpalgaon Joga Dam is on one side, and mountain ranges such as Bhojgiri, Devdandya, and Nimgiri-Hanumantgad are on the other side.

#22. Naneghat Trek (Near Malshej Ghat)

At an elevation of more than 2500 feet, the Naneghat pass is a high mountain pass. It is an ancient route that connected Junnar with the Konkan coast. Along the route, one can witness ancient caves that date back to the Satavahana dynasty. There are many remnants of the Mauryan Empire here too. The base station of the trek is the Naneghat trekking point.

#23. Jivdhan Fort (Near Malshej Ghat)

Located in Junnar, Jivdhan fort is more than a thousand metres above sea level. Set in the Sahyadri mountain range, Jivdhan is a famous trekking destination. When trekkers visit Hadsar, Chavaand, Shivneri, and Naneghat, they visit Jivdhan as well. It is a difficult trek because the jungle routes are deceptive, and trekkers may get lost. So taking a local guide is recommended.

#24. Shivneri Fort Trek in Maharashtra
Shivneri was where Shivaji was born. The Shivneri fort has a unique triangular shape. Seven spiral gates constitute the structure of the fort. Inside the fort, there are several buildings such as a mosque and a prayer hall. There is also a place where executions took place. In the centre of the fort there lies a water pond. Two water springs still exist in the fort providing water all year round and named Ganga and Yamuna. Trekkers reach this fort from the Junnar town.

#25. Brahmagiri Hill (Near Nashik) Trek in Maharashtra
Brahmagiri Hill is located in the Western Ghats and the Nashik district. The famous Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple is here. The Godavari river’s origin is near to the Trimbak location. The terrains of the hills are undulated. They present challenging spots for nature trails. Rich with natural attractions, trekkers have to trudge their way through thickly wooded terrain.

#26. Tringalwadi Fort (Near Igatpuri) Trek in Maharashtra
This is a comfortable trek for hikers looking for a one-day sojourn. Some attractions on this trek are the Talewadi village and the Tringalwadi Dam. The surrounding regions of the dam are used as camping spots. From the base village of Tringalwadi, a one hour trek gets one to the fort. There are caves in the vicinity of the fort, dating back to the 10th century.

#27. Harihar Fort (Near Nashik) Trek in Maharashtra
Located in the Nashik district, this fort is elevated at about 3500 feet above sea level. Built during the Yadava dynasty, the edges of the fort are vertical and hill on which it is situated in triangular-shaped. The steps that lead to the fort are almost 80 degrees inclined. This means only those who are fit and experienced can attempt it. From the fort, one can witness beautiful sights such as peaks and forts.

#28. Tapola (Near Mahabaleshwar) Trek in Maharashtra
Tapola has been referred to by many as a mini Kashmir. It is located 25 kilometres from Mahabaleshwar. The region has many cascades, flowering meadows, valleys, and such visually appealing sights. At Tapola, there are a variety of water sports to enjoy. Trekkers also enjoy boating on the Shivsagar Lake as an off activity.

#29. Tikona Fort (Near Lonavala) Trek in Maharashtra
Tikona fort was the nerve centre of the Maratha Empire. Also called the Vitandgad fort, the fort has a mammoth entrance. This is often cited as the main attraction of the fort. For adventurous tourists, the Tikona Fort trek is the thing to do. At the fort, one can get panoramic views of the Pawna Dam, Lohagad, and Tung forts. Inside the fort, there is a lake. Satvahan caves are here inside too. The Trimbakeshwar Mahadev temple is located inside too.

#30. Korigad Fort (Near Lonavala) Trek in Maharashtra
This is an easy trek in Lonavala. The time taken to get to the fort and climb it is 1 day. The base village of the trek is Peth Shahpur. Atop the fort, there are two lakes. The fort is open for visitors all throughout the year. Trekkers visit the fort during night times too. Campers also make the cool settings of the fort a place for an overnight camp stay.

#31. Duke’s Nose Point (Near Lonavala) Trek in Maharashtra
Once at the Duke’s Nose Point, there are plenty of activities to do. Camping, rock climbing, and rappelling to name a few. Located between Khandala and Lonavala, the point is at about 3000 feet. Takes about 2 hours to ascend it. There is a Shiva temple on the Dukes Nose Plateau. During the rainy season, this is the place to enjoy the cold climate, fog, and rains.